From Maggie Lidz, Winterthur’s estate historian:
The Winterthur estate has had conservatory displays since Evelina du Pont and her husband Antoine Bidermann moved into their newly built house in 1841. In fact, December 13, 1838 Evelina wrote to her sister Victorine du Pont, who lived at Eleutherian Mills (now part of the Hagley Museum and Library)
I was glad to learn that Alfred had a new little green house made for you nearer the House for I think you will enjoy it more in the winter as yr. yd. is far drier walking than the garden. Antoine regrets it was not made in the little corner near the parlor & pantry but I suppose you did not find it as convenient. He is getting a plan made here for our House in which he has not forgotten the little green House if such may be termed a little room for flowers.
The following letters are excerpts from Evelina’s letters to her son in Paris about her greenhouse at Winterthur.
March 25 1845: My flowers too, in the green house have much improved this year they have been in bloom the whole winter and still continue. I often think of you when I am in it and wish for you and dear Camille to see it & enjoy it.
May 18, 1845: My green house has been beautiful this winter, I have a great many new kinds of flowers. Eleuthera gave me some bulbous roots which had come from Holland, these proved to be very fine and were quite an addition to the green house. …It is so warm today I shall have to take my flowers out of the green House.
Dec. 18 1845: My green house continues to do very well, I have now some camellias in bloom and the Daphne Judicum and Parma violets have a delightful perfume. My dear James, your large scarlet sage is still in existence and blooming among the branches of the lemon tree mixing its blossoms with the yellow lemons.
Dec 21 1845: Our house even at this season of the year except when the children come is always very quiet. My flowers do not make any noise like Aunt Victorine’s Birds… She has been very successful in rearing them this year and wishes me to have some in my Green House but I am too old now to attend to them. … I wish you could see my Camellias, oxalis and my bright row of Parma violets all in bloom. They look so beautiful, while all beyond a thin pane of glass is white with frost and snow. How often I wish you were both with me when I am in that green House. I should think I would be tempted to put you both under glass as your Father says I always wish to do when I am afraid any thing should get hurt.
May 27 1846: My flowers & Lemon trees I put out doors this week. I had more than 50 lemons mostly ripe on the large new one and some on the smaller one that measured 12 ½ inches by 13 ½ How I wish I could send you some of them. I expect My dear James you can remember the large Lemon tree ever since you can remember anything. You will therefore like to hear how well it has recovered its health & graces our Garden.
Nov 26 1846: When it rains, Your Father & I walk in the green house.
Jan 29 1847: we have had about two weeks ago a chimney fire …As it was the coldest night this year we should have been very cold but for the furnace of the Green house until our fires were lighted again. My flowers are most of them in blossom now and look very well.
March 29 1847: I sprained my back lifting some flower pots on the top shelf of my “Garden” … [fantasizes about her granddaughter picking] fallen leaves and blossoms in the Green house which is full of flowers for her dear Grandpapa has kindly watered them for me so that they look even better than when I use to attend to them myself. How happy I should be to see Gabrielle’s tiny fingers pulling some of my Parma violets to make a bunch for Mama.
May 25 1847: I know [her granddaughter] would watch with pleasure the little humming birds on my Green house plants and like to peep into the nests of the many wild birds who build quite near the house, almost fearless of harm, besides Aunt Victorine has large cages of canary birds which she rears herself and which she gives to her friends with great pleasure.
March 24, 1852: The seeds of the Cinerarias you gathered for me last summer have grown very well. There are many of them in bloom now. …There are a great many flowers now in bloom in the green House: Camellias, Azaleas, roses, primulas, two kinds of violets, primroses, geraniums, my Rhododendron with 18 large bunches of flowers, convollus, etc. My flowers have never been so fine although the weather was so cold this winter.
Feb 13 1856: Your Aunt Victorine and Eleuthera wished me to give you their love. Their house looked quite bright with flowers and birds for they have two or three large cages full in their greenhouse. Your Aunt Victorine has had another greenhouse built near the house in which she has brought their plants. It is very pretty & large so you can walk in it & the is very light. The roof & two sides being of glass. I am sure you would enjoy it and so would our dear little girls, whenever I see anything pleasant I always wish for them.
JAB Letterbook Oct 24 1859 To J& M.W. Dick, advertisement for gardener:
I have a kitchen garden & a small conservatory to be attended to. I keep only two men, viz. the gardener and one to attend to my carriage house. The latter gives occasional help, principally to attend to the flower plots near the house and moving the plants in and out of the greenhouse. I give my present gardener $23 a month and a house. I prefer a married man, and, as there is a good garden attached to the house, it would be advantageous if he had a good lad able to attend to it.
JAB Letterbook Oct 27 1859 To John Brooks, Falls of Schuylkill. Sir, In answer to …I inform you that I have a kitchen garden and a small greenhouse or conservatory but no grapery. I pay my gardener $23 a month and give him a good house and a garden rent free. I have a man to attend to my carriage house who gives some occasional help to the gardener, principally for the flower plots around the house & for moving the green house plants in the spring or fall.
[Evelina died in January 1863. Ill health forced her husband Antoine to return to France to live with his son and daughter-in-law].
April, 1863 Notes on Winterthur Farm to Charles I du Pont: According to my agreement with the gardener Charles Bucknell I cannot turn him out before the end of the year. You will therefore have to pay him his wages $26. per month until that time. …The green house plants shall have to be abandoned but it is unavoidable.
October 11, 1863 Sophie du Pont to Antoine Bidermann: I got Charles to put two heliotropes in pots for Victorine and Sophie, of those that were beside the porch. We will not let any of the flowers freeze, but will all take some & nurse them carefully. Mary Simmons took home a heliotrope & a geranium, & was much pleased to have them as keepsakes.